Publications (index) - Knowledge Centre Data & Society

Holy See (Vatican – central governing body of the Roman Catholic Church) - Encyclical Letter Magnifica Humanitas of his Holiness Pope Leo XIV – On safeguarding the human person in the time of AI

Pope Leo XIV's first encyclical situates artificial intelligence within a century of Catholic Social Doctrine and calls for governance grounded in human dignity, solidarity and democratic participation.

25.06.2026

Policy monitor

U.S. – Washington strengthens protection against deepfakes

From 11 June 2026, Washington’s Personality Rights Act will also protect individuals against the unauthorised use of forged digital likeness, a new category that may also cover AI generated deepfakes. The amendment also strengthens the applicable remedies by increasing the civil penalty and allowing claims for non-economic damages.

12.06.2026

Policy monitor

Professionals staan rond een tafel. Twee van hen wijzen naar grafieken op een papier, terwijl de twee anderen bezig zijn op hun gsm en laptop. Dit moet een situatie van een audit voorstellen.

The Flemish Supervisory Committee (VTC) VTC’s powers under scrutiny – the Council of State’s ruling on the VTC’s competence under the GDPR

On 31 March 2026, the Court of Cassation handed down a judgment in an appeal against a decision by the Flemish data protection authority (VTC) to impose corrective measures on a city and a Public Centre for Social Welfare  (OCMW). This appeal is significant because it addresses the VTC’s power to impose corrective measures, as well as its status as a supervisory body.

13.05.2026

Blog

European Commission - A Cloud Sovereignty Framework for strategic procurement

The European Commission operationalises digital sovereignty through a structured assessment framework and a measurable procurement criterion

13.05.2026

Policy monitor

A person is holding a pencil and pointing at a graph. In the background, you see a laptop, a calculator and a tablet, representing an office setting. A white banner with the United States of America (USA) flag placed over the image. The image represents a policy monitor article about a development in the USA.

Een persoon houdt een potlood vast en wijst naar een grafiek. Op de achtergrond zie je een laptop, een rekenmachine en een tablet, die een kantooromgeving voorstellen. Een witte banner met vlag van de Verenigde Staten van Amerika (VS) over de afbeelding geplaatst. De afbeelding stelt een beleidsmonitor artikel voor over een ontwikkeling in de VS.

U.S. – A National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence

On 20 March 2026, the White House unveiled its National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence. In this document, the White House describes its vision for an American governance framework for AI by listing seven objectives and a list of measures to achieve them, to be developed by all institutions within the United States, including Congress.

23.04.2026

Policy monitor

WhatsApp (Meta) vs EDPB case declared admissible by the CJEU – Will this set a precedent for future GDPR cases?

In February 2026, the Court of Justice ruled on the admissibility of WhatsApp’s case challenging the binding decision of the European Data Protection Board. This legal battle, which has been ongoing for years, has resulted in a declaration of admissibility that could have far-reaching consequences for future case law relating to the GDPR.

14.04.2026

Policy monitor

U.S. – New York’s proposal on imposing liability for damages caused by chatbots giving legal and medical advice

New York State Senator Kristen Gonzalez introduced a proposal which targets chatbots impersonating certain licensed professionals, such as lawyers and doctors.

26.03.2026

Policy monitor

Taiwan – Fundamental Act on Artificial Intelligence

On 23 December 2025, the Taiwanese Parliament passed the Artificial Intelligence Basic Act. This policy monitor provides an overview of the Act’s content and explains the differences the Taiwanese legislator makes is balancing governance and innovation.

24.03.2026

Policy monitor

Person holding a pile of papers. A white banner with the flag of Flanders is placed over the image, this reflects that this policy monitor item is about an administrative decision in Flanders.

Persoon houdt een stapel papieren vast. Een witte banner met de vlag van Vlaanderen is over het beeld geplaatst, dit geeft aan dat dit beleidsmonitor item over een administratieve beslissing in Vlaanderen gaat.

Flanders - Impuls program Defence: AI and Autonomous technology

The Flemish Government has developed strategic roadmaps for AI and autonomous technology in the defence sector as part of the Flemish Innovation and Industry Strategy for Security and Defence (VISD)

19.03.2026

Policy monitor

A stately building in a classic architectural style with prominent columns and statues, reflecting a court. A white banner with the flag of the European Union is placed over the image, showing that this policy monitor item is about an act or bill in the European Union.

Een statig gebouw in een klassieke bouwstijl met prominente zuilen en standbeelden, die een hof van justitie weerspiegelen. Een witte banner met het de vlag van de Europese Unie is over de afbeelding geplaatst om aan te geven dat dit beleidsmonitor item over een wet of wetsvoorstel in Europa gaat.

European Parliament resolution on technological sovereignty & digital infrastructure – long-time awaited acknowledgement of the new geopolitical realities

On 22 January 2026 the European Parliament voted the resolution on European technological sovereignty and digital infrastructure. The resolution was adopted in light of the current events on the geopolitical theatre, that warrant digital protectionism and the safeguarding of the EU’s digital assets.

18.03.2026

Policy monitor

A woman is writing something on a piece of paper that is lying down on a table. There is another person next to her. The setting is professional. A white banner with the flag of the USA shows that this policy monitor item is about a development in the USA

Een vrouw schrijft iets op een stuk papier dat op een tafel ligt. Er staat nog iemand naast haar. De setting is professioneel. Een witte banner met de vlag van de VS laat zien dat dit beleidsmonitor item over een ontwikkeling in de VS gaat.

U.S. – The U.S. Department of Labor’s Artificial Intelligence Literacy Framework

On 13 February 2026, the U.S. Department of Labor issued a voluntary framework on AI Literacy. This framework serves as a resource for program design and encourage AI literacy training across the public workforce and education systems.

24.02.2026

Policy monitor

The EDPB publishes updated FAQ on the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework for European businesses

On 15 January 2026, the EDPB adopted an updated version of the FAQ on the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework F.A.Q. for European businesses. The most recent edition of the FAQ was published a year and a half after the original, and it includes answers to questions relevant to European businesses which transfer or may transfer personal data to companies in the U.S.

11.02.2026

Policy monitor

USA – Executive Order 14365, Ensuring a National Policy Framework on Artificial Intelligence

In December 2025, the President of the United States issued Executive Order 14365, ensuring a National Policy Framework for AI. The goal of the Executive Order is to remove individual State legal regimes regulating the development and use of AI.

29.01.2026

Policy monitor

Kazakhstan – Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on AI (No. 230-VIII). An overview of the key provisions

On 17 November 2025, Kazakhstan adopted a comprehensive AI law, which entered into force on 18 January 2026. The law sets out fundamental principles, establishes a national platform for AI, defines rights and obligations for AI stakeholders, introduces requirements for the labelling of AI generated content, and provides new rules on copyright.

27.01.2026

Policy monitor

AI Act Whistleblower Tool - AI Office launches tool for individuals to report harmful AI practices

On 25 November 2025, the AI Office launched the AI Act Whistleblower Tool. This initiative was created to empower individuals to securely submit reports and contribute directly to ensuring the safety, transparency and trustworthiness of AI in Europe.

23.01.2026

Policy monitor

The Netherlands - National AI Deltaplan

The National AI Delta Plan is a strategic advisory document to the Dutch government containing 52 concrete recommendations aimed at making the Netherlands less dependent on foreign AI technologies and positioning it as a European frontrunner.

21.01.2026

Policy monitor

European Commission - First Draft Code of Practice on Transparency of AI-Generated Content

The provisions covering the transparency of AI generated content in the AI Act will become applicable on 2 August 2026. This First Draft Code of Practice aims to provide guidance for demonstrating compliance with these transparency obligations.

09.01.2026

Policy monitor

European Commission - A European Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Science

The European Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Science turns “AI for science” into an EU-wide infrastructure project (RAISE) that bundles compute, data, talent and funding, but leaves Member States with serious homework on governance, investment alignment and responsible use.

08.01.2026

Policy monitor

APEC’s AI Initiative

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (hereafter ‘APEC’) endorsed its AI Initiative for 2026-2030. APEC includes countries such as the United States, China, Canada, and Indonesia. The AI Initiative embodies three main pillars and some action points to unlock the full potential of AI.

06.01.2026

Policy monitor

European Union – Digital Omnibus proposal: Data Act revisions explained

On 19 November 2025, the European Commission presented a new set of measures (Digital Omnibus Package) that should enable Europe's businesses to spend less time on administrative work and compliance and more on innovating and scaling up. One of the legislative proposals is a reform of the current Data Act.

18.12.2025

Policy monitor

Omnibus II Proposal: The Adoption of Common Specifications for All Regulated Products, including Software

This post provides explains the Omnibus II Proposal’s horizontal introduction of common specifications by the European Commission into EU product legislation in the context of the Digital Omnibus proposals.

15.12.2025

Policy monitor

Digital Omnibus on AI: a simplification that isn't?

On 19 November 2025, the European Commission proposed the Digital Omnibus, a series of amendments to simplify existing digital regulations. But is this really a simplification?

15.12.2025

Policy monitor

Digital Omnibus & GDPR - Moving towards simplification: an overview of the Commission’s Proposal

On 19 November 2025, the European Commission has unveiled its first proposal of the Digital Omnibus as part of the broader Digital Package. This policy monitor outlines the main changes in relation to the GDPR.

01.12.2025

Policy monitor

United States – California’s Transparancy in Frontier AI Act is signed into law

On 29 September 2025 the California Governor Gavin Newsom signed the Senate Bill No. 53, also known as the Transparancy in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act. By signing this law, the state California follows jurisdictions like the European Union who opted for a risk-based regulatory framework.

13.11.2025

Policy monitor

General Court (of the CJEU) – Case concerning the independency of the DPRC and collection of data in bulk without ex-ante authorisation (Latombe T-553/23)

The General Court dismissed Philippe Latombe's action for annulment of the Data Privacy Framework. Latombe argued that the US Data Protection Review Court is dependent on the executive branch and that US intelligence services collect personal data from the EU on a large scale without prior judicial authorization.

07.11.2025

Policy monitor

European Commission – Apply AI Strategy

The Apply AI strategy is the EU's overarching sectoral strategy that complements the AI Continent Action Plan with concrete actions.

20.10.2025

Policy monitor

United States - Richard Kadrey et al. v. Meta Platforms Inc. - (Artificial) market harm as a decisive factor

On 25 June 2025, the US District Court, Northern District of California issued a summary judgment in the case Richard Kadrey et al. v. Meta Platforms Inc., ruling that Meta Platforms Inc. (Meta) did not infringe upon the plaintiffs' copyrights by using their books to train its large language models (LLMs).

16.10.2025

Policy monitor

European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking – AI Factories & AI Factory Antennas

Belgium will establish an AI Factory Antenna which will provide Belgian companies, researchers and public institutions with services, access to supercomputing infrastructure and datasets and training.

15.10.2025

Policy monitor

United States - Copyrights and AI: the case of Andrea Bartz, et al. versus Anthropic PBC

In June, the Northern District of California issued a summary judgment in the case Andrea Bartz, et al. v. Anthropic PBC in favor of Anthropic PBC (Anthropic), ruling that using (pirated) copies of books to train artificial intelligence software (specifically large language models) is not a violation of US copyright law.

14.10.2025

Policy monitor

Italy - Provisions and delegations to the Government on artificial intelligence

Italy is the first EU country that approved a national AI law that complements the EU AI Act

30.09.2025

Policy monitor

Publications

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