Publications (index) - Knowledge Centre Data & Society

Kazakhstan – Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on AI (No. 230-VIII). An overview of the key provisions

On 17 November 2025, Kazakhstan adopted a comprehensive AI law, which entered into force on 18 January 2026. The law sets out fundamental principles, establishes a national platform for AI, defines rights and obligations for AI stakeholders, introduces requirements for the labelling of AI generated content, and provides new rules on copyright.

27.01.2026

Policy monitor

AI Act Whistleblower Tool - AI Office launches tool for individuals to report harmful AI practices

On 25 November 2025, the AI Office launched the AI Act Whistleblower Tool. This initiative was created to empower individuals to securely submit reports and contribute directly to ensuring the safety, transparency and trustworthiness of AI in Europe.

23.01.2026

Policy monitor

The Netherlands - National AI Deltaplan

The National AI Delta Plan is a strategic advisory document to the Dutch government containing 52 concrete recommendations aimed at making the Netherlands less dependent on foreign AI technologies and positioning it as a European frontrunner.

21.01.2026

Policy monitor

European Commission - First Draft Code of Practice on Transparency of AI-Generated Content

The provisions covering the transparency of AI generated content in the AI Act will become applicable on 2 August 2026. This First Draft Code of Practice aims to provide guidance for demonstrating compliance with these transparency obligations.

09.01.2026

Policy monitor

European Commission - A European Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Science

The European Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Science turns “AI for science” into an EU-wide infrastructure project (RAISE) that bundles compute, data, talent and funding, but leaves Member States with serious homework on governance, investment alignment and responsible use.

08.01.2026

Policy monitor

APEC’s AI Initiative

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (hereafter ‘APEC’) endorsed its AI Initiative for 2026-2030. APEC includes countries such as the United States, China, Canada, and Indonesia. The AI Initiative embodies three main pillars and some action points to unlock the full potential of AI.

06.01.2026

Policy monitor

A stately building in a classic architectural style with prominent columns and statues, reflecting a court. A white banner with the flag of the European Union is placed over the image, showing that this policy monitor item is about an act or bill in the European Union.

Een statig gebouw in een klassieke bouwstijl met prominente zuilen en standbeelden, die een hof van justitie weerspiegelen. Een witte banner met het de vlag van de Europese Unie is over de afbeelding geplaatst om aan te geven dat dit beleidsmonitor item over een wet of wetsvoorstel in Europa gaat.

European Union – Digital Omnibus proposal: Data Act revisions explained

On 19 November 2025, the European Commission presented a new set of measures (Digital Omnibus Package) that should enable Europe's businesses to spend less time on administrative work and compliance and more on innovating and scaling up. One of the legislative proposals is a reform of the current Data Act.

18.12.2025

Policy monitor

Omnibus II Proposal: The Adoption of Common Specifications for All Regulated Products, including Software

This post provides explains the Omnibus II Proposal’s horizontal introduction of common specifications by the European Commission into EU product legislation in the context of the Digital Omnibus proposals.

15.12.2025

Policy monitor

Digital Omnibus on AI: a simplification that isn't?

On 19 November 2025, the European Commission proposed the Digital Omnibus, a series of amendments to simplify existing digital regulations. But is this really a simplification?

15.12.2025

Policy monitor

Digital Omnibus & GDPR - Moving towards simplification: an overview of the Commission’s Proposal

On 19 November 2025, the European Commission has unveiled its first proposal of the Digital Omnibus as part of the broader Digital Package. This policy monitor outlines the main changes in relation to the GDPR.

01.12.2025

Policy monitor

United States – California’s Transparancy in Frontier AI Act is signed into law

On 29 September 2025 the California Governor Gavin Newsom signed the Senate Bill No. 53, also known as the Transparancy in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act. By signing this law, the state California follows jurisdictions like the European Union who opted for a risk-based regulatory framework.

13.11.2025

Policy monitor

General Court (of the CJEU) – Case concerning the independency of the DPRC and collection of data in bulk without ex-ante authorisation (Latombe T-553/23)

The General Court dismissed Philippe Latombe's action for annulment of the Data Privacy Framework. Latombe argued that the US Data Protection Review Court is dependent on the executive branch and that US intelligence services collect personal data from the EU on a large scale without prior judicial authorization.

07.11.2025

Policy monitor

European Commission – Apply AI Strategy

The Apply AI strategy is the EU's overarching sectoral strategy that complements the AI Continent Action Plan with concrete actions.

20.10.2025

Policy monitor

United States - Richard Kadrey et al. v. Meta Platforms Inc. - (Artificial) market harm as a decisive factor

On 25 June 2025, the US District Court, Northern District of California issued a summary judgment in the case Richard Kadrey et al. v. Meta Platforms Inc., ruling that Meta Platforms Inc. (Meta) did not infringe upon the plaintiffs' copyrights by using their books to train its large language models (LLMs).

16.10.2025

Policy monitor

European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking – AI Factories & AI Factory Antennas

Belgium will establish an AI Factory Antenna which will provide Belgian companies, researchers and public institutions with services, access to supercomputing infrastructure and datasets and training.

15.10.2025

Policy monitor

United States - Copyrights and AI: the case of Andrea Bartz, et al. versus Anthropic PBC

In June, the Northern District of California issued a summary judgment in the case Andrea Bartz, et al. v. Anthropic PBC in favor of Anthropic PBC (Anthropic), ruling that using (pirated) copies of books to train artificial intelligence software (specifically large language models) is not a violation of US copyright law.

14.10.2025

Policy monitor

Italy - Provisions and delegations to the Government on artificial intelligence

Italy is the first EU country that approved a national AI law that complements the EU AI Act

30.09.2025

Policy monitor

Person holding a pile of papers. A white banner with the flag of the United Kingdom (UK) is placed over the image, this reflects that this policy monitor item is about an administrative decision in the UK.

Persoon houdt een stapel papieren vast. Een witte banner met de vlag van Engeland / Groot-Britannië is over het beeld geplaatst, dit geeft aan dat dit beleidsmonitor item over een administratieve beslissing in Engeland / Groot-Britannië gaat.

UK - Memorandum of Understanding between the UK and OpenAI on AI opportunities

The UK has signed a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to explore deploying OpenAI’s models across public services, co-develop UK AI infrastructure and expand technical information-sharing with the UK AI Security Institute

05.09.2025

Policy monitor

Person holding a pile of papers. A white banner with the flag of Flanders is placed over the image, this reflects that this policy monitor item is about an administrative decision in Flanders.

Persoon houdt een stapel papieren vast. Een witte banner met de vlag van Vlaanderen is over het beeld geplaatst, dit geeft aan dat dit beleidsmonitor item over een administratieve beslissing in Vlaanderen gaat.

Flanders – Report Quickscan AI in the Flemish government

With the report Quickscan AI in the Flemish government, the AI Expertise Center aims to investigate how often, for what purposes, and by whom artificial intelligence (AI) is currently being used within the Flemish government.

22.08.2025

Policy monitor

A woman is writing something on a piece of paper that is lying down on a table. There is another person next to her. The setting is professional. A white banner with the flag of the USA shows that this policy monitor item is about a development in the USA

Een vrouw schrijft iets op een stuk papier dat op een tafel ligt. Er staat nog iemand naast haar. De setting is professioneel. Een witte banner met de vlag van de VS laat zien dat dit beleidsmonitor item over een ontwikkeling in de VS gaat.

United States - America’s AI Action Plan

American President Donald Trump has unveiled the US vision for AI policy in the AI Action Plan

20.08.2025

Policy monitor

European Commission – AI Literacy Questions and Answers

Article 4 of the AI Act requires providers and deployers of AI systems to ensure a sufficient level of AI literacy of their staff and other persons dealing with AI systems on their behalf. The European Commission clarified this obligation through a Q&A.

12.08.2025

Policy monitor

European Commission - The General-Purpose AI Code of Practice

This document outlines key considerations for providers of general-purpose AI models (GPAI)

15.07.2025

Policy monitor

United Kingdom – AI Security Institute

The UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology announced that the AI Safety Institute would renamed into the AI Security Institute.

09.06.2025

Policy monitor

European Commission - Digital Europe Programme - Work programme 2025 - 2027

The European Commission is allocating €1.3 billion through the DIGITAL work programme for 2025–2027 for the deployment of strategically critical technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud and data infrastructure, cyber resilience, and digital skills — all aimed at strengthening Europe’s technological sovereignty.

21.05.2025

Policy monitor

European Commission – Invest AI initiative

InvestAI channels €200 billion (incl. a €20 billion fund for four AI gigafactories) to make Europe a global AI leader and secure open, trustworthy compute capacity

14.05.2025

Policy monitor

Italy - AI Bill approved by the Italian Senate

On 20 March 2025, the Italian Senate approved the AI Bill. The law builds on the EU AI Act and regulates AI systems in Italy.

07.05.2025

Policy monitor

US president Donald Trump (2025) signing an executive order in his office.

And so it begins… The TechReg Trade War: USA vs. World – time for some regulatory housekeeping!

With the memorandum ‘Defending American Companies and Innovators From Overseas Extortion and Unfair Fines and Penalties’, President Trump has officially sparked an international trade war relating to technology regulation. What does the document say and how should European policymakers react?

06.05.2025

Blog

European Commission - AI Continent Action Plan

The EU Commission published its AI continent action plan to make the EU a global leader in artificial intelligence.