Publications (index) - Knowledge Centre Data & Society

Grok scandal – Are the European legal frameworks sufficiently equipped to handle the creation and dissemination of sexual deep fakes?

This blog post provides an overview of the current regulatory landscape relating to deepfakes with sexual content, highlighting the existing risks. It concludes with a summary of the next steps to be taken by the EU institutions in light of the recent incident.

05.03.2026

Blog

A woman is writing something on a piece of paper that is lying down on a table. There is another person next to her. The setting is professional. A white banner with the flag of the USA shows that this policy monitor item is about a development in the USA

Een vrouw schrijft iets op een stuk papier dat op een tafel ligt. Er staat nog iemand naast haar. De setting is professioneel. Een witte banner met de vlag van de VS laat zien dat dit beleidsmonitor item over een ontwikkeling in de VS gaat.

U.S. – The U.S. Department of Labor’s Artificial Intelligence Literacy Framework

On 13 February 2026, the U.S. Department of Labor issued a voluntary framework on AI Literacy. This framework serves as a resource for program design and encourage AI literacy training across the public workforce and education systems.

24.02.2026

Policy monitor

A laptopogram displaying a dataset as cloud-like clusters of black blobs on a neutral background. There are three larger collections, almost resembling a map, with some data points leaking out into the negative space.

Een laptopogram dat een dataset weergeeft als wolkachtige clusters van zwarte vlekken op een neutrale achtergrond. Er zijn drie grotere verzamelingen, die bijna op een kaart lijken, waarbij sommige datapunten in de negatieve ruimte uitsteken.

brAInfood: The Data Act in 5 questions

The EU Data Act requires companies to share certain data with consumers, other companies or public actors. To help you navigate this, we developed a tool that clarifies the Data Act in 5 questions. In this brAInfood, we explain these questions of the tool in more detail.

24.02.2026

brAInfood

Binnen de kaders bevinden zich mensen die gebonden zijn aan hun kantoorruimtes. Daarbuiten werken individuen vrij vanuit diverse locaties, verbonden via digitale signalen.

Within the frames are people bound to their office cubicles; beyond them, individuals work freely from diverse locations, connected through digital signals.

(NL) Verslag Lerend Netwerk online: AI-geletterdheid, de verplichtingen en de praktijk

AI-geletterdheid is vandaag geen vrijblijvende competentie meer, maar een wettelijke verplichting en een dagelijkse realiteit in veel organisaties. Op 3 februari 2026 kwam ons Lerend Netwerk samen rond dit thema.

16.02.2026

Event report

The EDPB publishes updated FAQ on the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework for European businesses

On 15 January 2026, the EDPB adopted an updated version of the FAQ on the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework F.A.Q. for European businesses. The most recent edition of the FAQ was published a year and a half after the original, and it includes answers to questions relevant to European businesses which transfer or may transfer personal data to companies in the U.S.

11.02.2026

Policy monitor

USA – Executive Order 14365, Ensuring a National Policy Framework on Artificial Intelligence

In December 2025, the President of the United States issued Executive Order 14365, ensuring a National Policy Framework for AI. The goal of the Executive Order is to remove individual State legal regimes regulating the development and use of AI.

29.01.2026

Policy monitor

Kazakhstan – Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on AI (No. 230-VIII). An overview of the key provisions

On 17 November 2025, Kazakhstan adopted a comprehensive AI law, which entered into force on 18 January 2026. The law sets out fundamental principles, establishes a national platform for AI, defines rights and obligations for AI stakeholders, introduces requirements for the labelling of AI generated content, and provides new rules on copyright.

27.01.2026

Policy monitor

AI Act Whistleblower Tool - AI Office launches tool for individuals to report harmful AI practices

On 25 November 2025, the AI Office launched the AI Act Whistleblower Tool. This initiative was created to empower individuals to securely submit reports and contribute directly to ensuring the safety, transparency and trustworthiness of AI in Europe.

23.01.2026

Policy monitor

The Netherlands - National AI Deltaplan

The National AI Delta Plan is a strategic advisory document to the Dutch government containing 52 concrete recommendations aimed at making the Netherlands less dependent on foreign AI technologies and positioning it as a European frontrunner.

21.01.2026

Policy monitor

European Commission - First Draft Code of Practice on Transparency of AI-Generated Content

The provisions covering the transparency of AI generated content in the AI Act will become applicable on 2 August 2026. This First Draft Code of Practice aims to provide guidance for demonstrating compliance with these transparency obligations.

09.01.2026

Policy monitor

European Commission - A European Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Science

The European Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Science turns “AI for science” into an EU-wide infrastructure project (RAISE) that bundles compute, data, talent and funding, but leaves Member States with serious homework on governance, investment alignment and responsible use.

08.01.2026

Policy monitor

APEC’s AI Initiative

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (hereafter ‘APEC’) endorsed its AI Initiative for 2026-2030. APEC includes countries such as the United States, China, Canada, and Indonesia. The AI Initiative embodies three main pillars and some action points to unlock the full potential of AI.

06.01.2026

Policy monitor

A stately building in a classic architectural style with prominent columns and statues, reflecting a court. A white banner with the flag of the European Union is placed over the image, showing that this policy monitor item is about an act or bill in the European Union.

Een statig gebouw in een klassieke bouwstijl met prominente zuilen en standbeelden, die een hof van justitie weerspiegelen. Een witte banner met het de vlag van de Europese Unie is over de afbeelding geplaatst om aan te geven dat dit beleidsmonitor item over een wet of wetsvoorstel in Europa gaat.

European Union – Digital Omnibus proposal: Data Act revisions explained

On 19 November 2025, the European Commission presented a new set of measures (Digital Omnibus Package) that should enable Europe's businesses to spend less time on administrative work and compliance and more on innovating and scaling up. One of the legislative proposals is a reform of the current Data Act.

18.12.2025

Policy monitor

Omnibus II Proposal: The Adoption of Common Specifications for All Regulated Products, including Software

This post provides explains the Omnibus II Proposal’s horizontal introduction of common specifications by the European Commission into EU product legislation in the context of the Digital Omnibus proposals.

15.12.2025

Policy monitor

Digital Omnibus on AI: a simplification that isn't?

On 19 November 2025, the European Commission proposed the Digital Omnibus, a series of amendments to simplify existing digital regulations. But is this really a simplification?

15.12.2025

Policy monitor

Hanna Barakat Archival Images of AI A Ix DESIGN Textilesand Tech 2 2560x1778

(NL) DigComp 3.0 beschrijft digitale competenties in tijden van AI

Welke digitale vaardigheden heb je nodig om effectief, kritisch en veilig digitale technologie te gebruiken? Op die vraag geeft DigComp 3.0 een antwoord. Lees er hier meer over.

09.12.2025

Blog

Digital Omnibus & GDPR - Moving towards simplification: an overview of the Commission’s Proposal

On 19 November 2025, the European Commission has unveiled its first proposal of the Digital Omnibus as part of the broader Digital Package. This policy monitor outlines the main changes in relation to the GDPR.

01.12.2025

Policy monitor

(NL) AI-geletterdheid in de werkcontext: bouwstenen, definities en meetkaders

Dit rapport focust op AI-geletterdheid, de kennis, vaardigheden en attitudes die individuen nodig hebben om AI op een effectieve, kritische en verantwoorde manier te begrijpen en te gebruiken.

19.11.2025

Report

Yutong Liu Digit Digital Nomads Across Time 2560x1440

The AI Act’s AI literacy obligation in 4 steps

How can you promote AI literacy in your organisation? With this practical tool, we explain Article 4 of the EU AI Act step by step. Use this tool to discover what AI literacy entails, what requirements apply and what the best practices are.

19.11.2025

Info sheet

United States – California’s Transparancy in Frontier AI Act is signed into law

On 29 September 2025 the California Governor Gavin Newsom signed the Senate Bill No. 53, also known as the Transparancy in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act. By signing this law, the state California follows jurisdictions like the European Union who opted for a risk-based regulatory framework.

13.11.2025

Policy monitor

General Court (of the CJEU) – Case concerning the independency of the DPRC and collection of data in bulk without ex-ante authorisation (Latombe T-553/23)

The General Court dismissed Philippe Latombe's action for annulment of the Data Privacy Framework. Latombe argued that the US Data Protection Review Court is dependent on the executive branch and that US intelligence services collect personal data from the EU on a large scale without prior judicial authorization.

07.11.2025

Policy monitor

An artist’s illustration of artificial intelligence (AI). This image depicts how AI can help humans to understand the complexity of biology. It was created by artist Khyati Trehan as part of the Visualising AI project launched by Google DeepMind.

brAInfood: What is Agentic AI?

Agentic AI is the next step in the evolution of AI systems, making them increasingly capable of acting on their own. But what exactly is Agentic AI, and what ethical and social challenges does it create?

27.10.2025

brAInfood

European Commission – Apply AI Strategy

The Apply AI strategy is the EU's overarching sectoral strategy that complements the AI Continent Action Plan with concrete actions.

20.10.2025

Policy monitor

United States - Richard Kadrey et al. v. Meta Platforms Inc. - (Artificial) market harm as a decisive factor

On 25 June 2025, the US District Court, Northern District of California issued a summary judgment in the case Richard Kadrey et al. v. Meta Platforms Inc., ruling that Meta Platforms Inc. (Meta) did not infringe upon the plaintiffs' copyrights by using their books to train its large language models (LLMs).

16.10.2025

Policy monitor

European High-Performance Computing Joint Undertaking – AI Factories & AI Factory Antennas

Belgium will establish an AI Factory Antenna which will provide Belgian companies, researchers and public institutions with services, access to supercomputing infrastructure and datasets and training.

15.10.2025

Policy monitor

United States - Copyrights and AI: the case of Andrea Bartz, et al. versus Anthropic PBC

In June, the Northern District of California issued a summary judgment in the case Andrea Bartz, et al. v. Anthropic PBC in favor of Anthropic PBC (Anthropic), ruling that using (pirated) copies of books to train artificial intelligence software (specifically large language models) is not a violation of US copyright law.

14.10.2025

Policy monitor

NL: Een onderwaterfoto, genomen met uitzicht op een grote cirkelvormige school vissen terwijl de zon schittert in het blauwe water. De afbeelding is echter enigszins vervormd door digitale artefacten.

EN: An underwater photo taken looking up to a large circular school of fish while the sun sparkles in the blue water. However, the image is slightly distorted by digital artefacts.

Is compliance enough? Rethinking ethics in the age of the AI Act

With the arrival of the AI Act, the discussion about responsible AI seems to have shifted from ethics to compliance. What does this mean for the impact of AI, and how can ethics and law strengthen and support each other? On 23 September the ‘AI and ethics in practice’ learning community came together to reflect on these questions.

06.10.2025

Event report

Italy - Provisions and delegations to the Government on artificial intelligence

Italy is the first EU country that approved a national AI law that complements the EU AI Act

30.09.2025

Policy monitor

A brain diagram shows ChatGPT has replaced core functions of the brain, while a young girl in the bottom right covers her eyes in horror. Degraded imagery of screwdrivers and the words “Control of the Brain” frame the collage.

Een hersendiagram laat zien dat ChatGPT de kernfuncties van de hersenen heeft vervangen, terwijl een jong meisje rechtsonder met afgrijzen haar ogen bedekt. De collage wordt omlijst door vervormde afbeeldingen van schroevendraaiers en de woorden ‘Control of the Brain’ (Controle over de hersenen).

brAInfood: How to use GenAI responsibly?

A new LinkedIn profile photo, a to-do list for the coming week, a social media post. You can use generative AI (GenAI) for all these tasks. But how do you, as a user, use GenAI in a considered way? In this brAInfood, you will discover several user tips.

16.09.2025

brAInfood

Person holding a pile of papers. A white banner with the flag of the United Kingdom (UK) is placed over the image, this reflects that this policy monitor item is about an administrative decision in the UK.

Persoon houdt een stapel papieren vast. Een witte banner met de vlag van Engeland / Groot-Britannië is over het beeld geplaatst, dit geeft aan dat dit beleidsmonitor item over een administratieve beslissing in Engeland / Groot-Britannië gaat.

UK - Memorandum of Understanding between the UK and OpenAI on AI opportunities

The UK has signed a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to explore deploying OpenAI’s models across public services, co-develop UK AI infrastructure and expand technical information-sharing with the UK AI Security Institute

05.09.2025

Policy monitor

Publications

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