Publications (index) - Knowledge Centre Data & Society

Digital Omnibus on AI: a simplification that isn't?

On 19 November 2025, the European Commission proposed the Digital Omnibus, a series of amendments to simplify existing digital regulations. But is this really a simplification?

15.12.2025

Policy monitor

(NL) AI-geletterdheid in de werkcontext: bouwstenen, definities en meetkaders

Dit rapport focust op AI-geletterdheid, de kennis, vaardigheden en attitudes die individuen nodig hebben om AI op een effectieve, kritische en verantwoorde manier te begrijpen en te gebruiken.

19.11.2025

Report

Yutong Liu Digit Digital Nomads Across Time 2560x1440

The AI Act’s AI literacy obligation in 4 steps

How can you promote AI literacy in your organisation? With this practical tool, we explain Article 4 of the EU AI Act step by step. Use this tool to discover what AI literacy entails, what requirements apply and what the best practices are.

19.11.2025

Info sheet

European Commission – Apply AI Strategy

The Apply AI strategy is the EU's overarching sectoral strategy that complements the AI Continent Action Plan with concrete actions.

20.10.2025

Policy monitor

United States - Copyrights and AI: the case of Andrea Bartz, et al. versus Anthropic PBC

In June, the Northern District of California issued a summary judgment in the case Andrea Bartz, et al. v. Anthropic PBC in favor of Anthropic PBC (Anthropic), ruling that using (pirated) copies of books to train artificial intelligence software (specifically large language models) is not a violation of US copyright law.

14.10.2025

Policy monitor

NL: Een onderwaterfoto, genomen met uitzicht op een grote cirkelvormige school vissen terwijl de zon schittert in het blauwe water. De afbeelding is echter enigszins vervormd door digitale artefacten.

EN: An underwater photo taken looking up to a large circular school of fish while the sun sparkles in the blue water. However, the image is slightly distorted by digital artefacts.

Is compliance enough? Rethinking ethics in the age of the AI Act

With the arrival of the AI Act, the discussion about responsible AI seems to have shifted from ethics to compliance. What does this mean for the impact of AI, and how can ethics and law strengthen and support each other? On 23 September the ‘AI and ethics in practice’ learning community came together to reflect on these questions.

06.10.2025

Event report

Italy - Provisions and delegations to the Government on artificial intelligence

Italy is the first EU country that approved a national AI law that complements the EU AI Act

30.09.2025

Policy monitor

European Commission – AI Literacy Questions and Answers

Article 4 of the AI Act requires providers and deployers of AI systems to ensure a sufficient level of AI literacy of their staff and other persons dealing with AI systems on their behalf. The European Commission clarified this obligation through a Q&A.

12.08.2025

Policy monitor

European Commission - The General-Purpose AI Code of Practice

This document outlines key considerations for providers of general-purpose AI models (GPAI)

15.07.2025

Policy monitor

brAInfood: The EU AI Act in six steps

Navigating the complexities of the EU AI Act can be challenging. To help you, the Knowledge Centre Data & Society has created a tool that enables organisations to assess key points in the regulation.

10.06.2025

brAInfood

Italy - AI Bill approved by the Italian Senate

On 20 March 2025, the Italian Senate approved the AI Bill. The law builds on the EU AI Act and regulates AI systems in Italy.

07.05.2025

Policy monitor

US president Donald Trump (2025) signing an executive order in his office.

And so it begins… The TechReg Trade War: USA vs. World – time for some regulatory housekeeping!

With the memorandum ‘Defending American Companies and Innovators From Overseas Extortion and Unfair Fines and Penalties’, President Trump has officially sparked an international trade war relating to technology regulation. What does the document say and how should European policymakers react?

06.05.2025

Blog

The Netherlands – Design Proposal Dutch regulatory sandbox for the AI Act

The Dutch Authority for Digital Infrastructure proposes a design for the national AI regulatory sandbox in the Netherlands.

23.04.2025

Policy monitor

From Policy To Practice: Prototyping The EU AI Act’s Human Oversight Requirements

This report contains three prototypes of compliance documents that fulfil the requirement for human oversight from Article 14 of the EU AI Act.

27.03.2025

Report

European AI Office: guidelines on prohibited AI systems

On 4 February 2025, two days after the first batch of AI Act provisions became applicable – including the rules on prohibitions and AI literacy - the European AI Office published its Guidelines on prohibited AI systems.

04.03.2025

Policy monitor

European AI Office: guidelines on the AI system definition

The EU AI Office published guidelines regarding the definition of an 'AI system' in the EU AI Act.

04.03.2025

Policy monitor

South Korea - South Korean Basic AI Act

At the end of December 2024, South Korea published its Basic Act on the Development of Artificial Intelligence and the Establishment of Trust. South Korean lawmakers clearly took their cue from the EU AI Act, although there are also differences prompted by specific South Korean needs.

26.02.2025

Policy monitor

Netherlands - Dutch Authorities publish final advice on AI Authorities

In November 2024, the Dutch Authority for Digital Infrastructure (“Rijksdienst Digitale Infrastructuur”) and the Dutch Data Protection Authority (“Autoriteit Persoonsgegevens”) published their final joint advice on the supervision of AI systems under the AI Act in the Netherlands.

21.02.2025

Policy monitor

Person holding a piece of paper. A white banner with the Belgian flag is placed over the image, representing that this policy monitor item is about a development in Belgium.

Persoon houdt een stuk papier vast. Een witte banner met de Belgische vlag is over de afbeelding geplaatst, waarmee wordt aangegeven dat dit beleidsmonitor item over een ontwikkeling in België gaat.

Belgium - Federal Government Agreement 2025 - 2029

The Federal Coalition Agreement details the new federal government's plans to address critical challenges. This summary focuses on the themes of artificial intelligence (AI) and personal data.

18.02.2025

Policy monitor

Person holding a pile of papers. A white banner with the flag of Flanders is placed over the image, this reflects that this policy monitor item is about an administrative decision in Flanders.

Persoon houdt een stapel papieren vast. Een witte banner met de vlag van Vlaanderen is over het beeld geplaatst, dit geeft aan dat dit beleidsmonitor item over een administratieve beslissing in Vlaanderen gaat.

Belgium/Flanders - VTC vs. ANPR cameras

In a directive/warning, the Flemish Supervisory Commission (VTC) urges local authorities to handle the use of ANPR cameras with caution; look before you leap.

20.01.2025

Policy monitor

A woman is writing something on a piece of paper that is lying down on a table. There is another person next to her. The setting is professional. A white banner with the flag of the USA shows that this policy monitor item is about a development in the USA

Een vrouw schrijft iets op een stuk papier dat op een tafel ligt. Er staat nog iemand naast haar. De setting is professioneel. Een witte banner met de vlag van de VS laat zien dat dit beleidsmonitor item over een ontwikkeling in de VS gaat.

United States of America - Federal Trade Commission vs. AI: misleading marketing of AI and the harming of consumers

According to the American Federal Trade Commission (FTC), some AI system providers/sellers have gone too far by making bold claims about their system’s capabilities that they couldn’t back up. The FTC has already taken action against this.

20.01.2025

Policy monitor

Policy brief: Implementing the AI Act in Belgium - Scope of Application and Authorities

In this policy brief, we provide an overview of the scope of the AI Act and, in particular, the exceptions to the scope where national legislators might still (want to) act. We further discuss the various authorities that Belgium is required to designate or establish under the AI Act and consider which Belgian authorities might be suitable to fulfil this role.

23.12.2024

Report

Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law

The EU Commission signed the Framework Convention on artificial intelligence and human rights, democracy and the rule of law.

03.12.2024

Policy monitor

European Commission - First Draft of the General-Purpose AI Code of Practice

This draft document outlines key considerations for providers of general-purpose AI models (GPAI)

02.12.2024

Policy monitor

A Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment for law enforcement AI systems

In this guest blog, researcher Donatella Casaburo from the KU Leuven Centre for IP & IT Law (CiTiP) talks about the Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment template on which she worked as part of the European Union-funded ALIGNER project.

04.11.2024

Blog

A woman is holding a pen and writing something on a piece of paper that is laying on a table. Another person is standing close to her. The picture also includes a white banner with the flag of Belgium, which makes clear that this policy monitor item is about Belgium.

Belgium – Artificial Intelligence Systems and the GDPR: a data protection perspective

The Belgian Data Protection Authority released an information brochure outlining the interplay between the GDPR and the AI Act in AI system development.

10.10.2024

Policy monitor

Bronzen beeld van vrouwe justitia. Op de afbeelding zie je ook een witte banner met de vlag van België. Deze afbeelding toont een gerechtelijke beslissing in België.
bronze statue of Lady Justice. The image also shows a white banner with the flag of Belgium. This image shows a court decision in Belgium.

Belgium – European Center for Digital Rights (noyb) v. Mediahuis N.V.

The Litigation Chamber of the Belgian Data Protection Authority issued a ruling on measures regarding cookie banners on the Mediahuis’ news websites at the beginning of September.

17.09.2024

Policy monitor

A stately building in a classic architectural style with prominent columns and statues, reflecting a court. A white banner with the flag of the European Union is placed over the image, showing that this policy monitor item is about an act or bill in the European Union.

Een statig gebouw in een klassieke bouwstijl met prominente zuilen en standbeelden, die een hof van justitie weerspiegelen. Een witte banner met het de vlag van de Europese Unie is over de afbeelding geplaatst om aan te geven dat dit beleidsmonitor item over een wet of wetsvoorstel in Europa gaat.

EU - EU AI Act: entry into force & overview main provisions

On August 1st 2024 the AI Act entered into force. From now on, several parts of the AI Act will become applicable on various moments.

14.08.2024

Policy monitor

Court of Justice of the EU – Case regarding credit scoring and automated decision making (Schufa I & II, C-26/22 and C-64/22, C-634/21)

Can credit scoring be considered a form of automated decision-making and can personal data be kept longer than it is publicly available in public registries?

07.08.2024

Policy monitor

Court of justice of the EU - Case C-588/21 regarding the paid access to harmonised standards for goods

On 5 March 2024 the CJEU issued a ruling regarding the right of access to harmonised product standards.

08.07.2024

Policy monitor

Publications

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